Introduction Fibroblastic foci represent the cardinal pathogenic lesion in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and comprise activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, the key effector cells responsible ...

A pillar of the WHO End TB Strategy is targeted latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) testing to identify persons who would benefit from TB preventive treatment (TPT).1 The WHO recommends the ...

Rationale Telemonitoring has shown benefits during the initiation of home non-invasive ventilation (NIV) but evidence is lacking regarding its use during follow-up. A French national telemonitoring ...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science developed in the 1950s to imitate the human ability for solving complex problems. Currently, it is widely applied in various fields of ...

Pulmonary rehabilitation has established itself as a vital and core therapy for people with chronic lung disease. Significant improvements are seen in several patient outcomes, for the thousands ...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterised by impaired mucociliary airway clearance leading to a vicious cycle of airway infection, inflammation and irreversible tissue damage.1 Inflammation ...

Introduction Ambient formaldehyde (HCHO) is globally distributed, posing significant exposure to vast populations, particularly vulnerable demographics such as children. Investigations into the ...

Rationale Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an effective, key standard treatment for people with COPD. Nevertheless, low participant uptake, insufficient attendance and high drop-out rates are reported ...

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. It causes chronic lung disease and predisposes individuals to acute lung injury and pulmonary infection. Alveolar macrophages are ...

Introduction People with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) experience a high symptom burden, reduced quality of life and a shortened lifespan. Treatment options are limited and little is known about what ...

Background The National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) includes two oxygen saturation scales; the second adjusts target saturations to 88%–92% for those with hypercapnic respiratory failure. Using this ...